This deactivation was more pronounced in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the retrieval phase. The PTSD participants, but not the controls, appeared to suppress prefrontal activity during memory retrieval. In contrast, the veterans with PTSD were found to have activations during the encoding process, but followed by distinct deactivations during the retrieval process. The healthy controls showed robust hemodynamic activations during the encoding and retrieval processes. An event-related experimental design was utilized to dissociate the different phases (i.e., encoding, maintenance and retrieval) of working memory. Multichannel functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was utilized to measure prefrontal cortex hemodynamic activations during memory of neutral (i.e., not trauma-related) forward and backward digit span tasks. In part one and two of this experiment what was the independent variable The independent variable in the first part of this experiment was the method of presentation single digits in part 1 or grouped numbers in part 2.
In this study, the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in working memory phases was assessed among veterans with PTSD and age-/gender-matched healthy controls. Digit Span Carry out the activity at the MyPsychLab website and then answer the following questions: 1. However, most studies have used block designs and could not dissociate the multiple phases of working memory.
Spontaneous use of the response strategy is associated with greater activity and grey matter within the caudate nucleus while the spatial strategy is associated with greater activity and grey. Neuroimaging studies of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related memory impairments have consistently implicated abnormal activities in the frontal and parietal lobes. Increased flanker task and forward digit span performance in caudate-nucleus-dependent response strategies Brain Cogn.
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